H.R. 1181 · 119th Congress

Bars card payment networks from using a separate merchant code for gun retailers

Official title: Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act1

§1What it does

Why this matters: A plain-English description of the bill as it was voted on, written by us from the official summary and text.

Drafted by AI from the public sources cited. Each sentence links to its source.

The bill would bar payment card networks, and companies that process card payments for merchants, from requiring or assigning a merchant category code, a number that classifies stores by type of business, that is used only or mainly for gun retailers or that identifies a store as selling firearms, ammunition, or firearm accessories or components.2,3,4 The Justice Department would take and investigate complaints and could sue in federal court to stop violations not fixed within 30 days of a notice, but individuals could not sue on their own.4 The bill would override state and local laws on such codes while still letting companies follow laws on fraud, disputes and suspicious activity, and the Justice Department would report to Congress each year on its investigations.3,4

§2Status

StatusLatest action, July 15, 2026: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.1
IntroducedFebruary 11, 2025
SponsorRep. Moore, Riley [R-WV-2]
Cosponsors132 cosponsors (132 Republican)
Official recordH.R. 1181 on Congress.gov

§3How Congress voted

Why this matters: The official count.

House, July 14, 2026

On Passage: Passed — 221 yes, 201 no, 9 not voting.5